Why can't I find _____ place in the the US Cities Database?"
Some of these places are in the database, just under a different county (we use area overlap to determine primary county). Many of these are not in the database because they are neighborhoods. And some of these are not in the database because they are not considered to be a populated place by the USGS. You can search at:
https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names
For a place to be a city/town/village it must have some concentration of people. So, an island with people living in a very disperse area would not be considered to be a populated place (e.g. city/town/village).